Unit+VI

Unit VI

Chapter openers (2 Column Notes):

Vocabulary:

Chapter Questions:

Top Ten List:

WHDs:

=America's steps into WWI= Neutral: Later: America enters WWI on the Allied side.
 * They would sell weapons to both the Allied and Central Powers (including food).
 * There were both sympathies to the Allied and Central Powers.
 * Germany's use of submarines attack passenger ships, an act of piracy, had killed American passengers as well (though, not intentionally)
 * The majority of the symphaties lied with the Allied, Americans favored the British over Germany,because of their way of life; the small majority was German Americans, they had their loyalties already in place.
 * The Zimmermann Telegram had been intercepted, with the German trying to ask Mexico to join the war in return to take back what America had stole from them (land).
 * America had a more important trade with the Allied force than the Centraled Powers, America had traded more often with the Allied, instead of calling true neutrality by not trading at all, they had helped supply them with more goods (war or not).
 * Russia had left the Central Powers (Bolshevik Revolution).

=CHP 24 Preview: A New Era= The Roaring 20s: Affluence: Conservatism: (Opposite: Liberalism) Cultural Frivolity: Conservatism and Cultural Frivolity are not the same, more of opposites. The older people were conservatism, newer younger people were liberialists. The 1920s was a decade of prohibition (illegal activity, due to people wanting alcohol.) Women are able to vote now, meaning that women's role in society has changed. Jazz music and dancing become a large part of fun activities(parties). This decade a decade of prosperity and affluence. Consumerism: Americans become more about consumption instead of making and sending things off. Things have gone all up until the Great Depression.
 * Excitement
 * Powerful
 * Busy
 * Crowded
 * New activities
 * Riches/Wealth
 * Maintaining the Status Quo
 * Low changes
 * A carefree life.

=The Self-Made Man=


 * One: The self-made man was that he started at the bottom of the social pyramid.
 * Two: The self-made man had become rich and powerful through his hard work (no others' assistance)

The self-made man's decline was due to the belief that they could start from scratch and work their way up the social pyramid without any knowledge of what they're doing and any training. People expected that rich people had gone through education, but that was not independent work, they needed the help of others, their knowledge and training. The self-made man had to require no formal education, they learned everything by themselves. Now in the 1920s, they expected you to have a certain level of education/expertise, but this was impossible to get without going to school and learning and becoming dependent on others. The self-made man was destroyed because of the education requirements. The three men (Edison, Ford, Lindbergh) had become the triumphs of the current era but were products of the previous era.

=AW/PC: CHP:24= Dance Halls: Cinema:
 * The phonograph was the cause of hearing new forms of jazz which was important to dance halls.
 * Some of the most largest dance halls can be found in NY, Chicago, Boston, Detroit, the Hollywood Paladium, etc.
 * Young working-class people often went to dance halls, it was a new, popular form of leisure.
 * Large dance halls had famous bands and composers.
 * Smaller, less savory dance halls often was a source of illegal things such as bootleg liquor and prostitution.
 * Dancing had allowed people to mingle with hundreds and sometimes thousands of strangers of different ethnics.
 * It was not a "melting pot", people of different ethnics had done their best to avoid other sides, for example one group goes to one area, another to a different one. Or even a group going to their own halls with only a few other different people (segregation).
 * Was a way of escaping from traditional values.
 * Americans of the cinemas came from France and England.
 * Distribution was dominated by Americans.
 * American films were dominate in their own and world markets.
 * During WWII, American movies were banned in France.
 * At the end of WWI, half of the movie watchers were Americans.
 * Movies were America's influential and cultural export.
 * British films had a large influence over American films, because of the originality and the popularity, also because of talented actors.
 * Many other areas had influence in America such as France, Germany, etc.

List of changes Conditions in industries had gotten more better. Radio had changed the way of long-communication. Dance halls and cinemas was a new form of leisure time. Advertising had started to appear in society. The idea of motherhood had changed.

=CHP 25: The Great Depression=
 * Stock Market Crash-October 29, 1929.
 * Potential Causes: Lack of Diversification, Maldistribution of Wealth, and Declining Exports.
 * The depression in America had started to effect its trading partners which spreaded and spreaded until nearly all of the world was affected.
 * Banks had shut down and people lost 2.5 billion dollars as a result.
 * Unemployment rates had sky-rocketed, relief efforts were made but it could not keep up with the needs, there were some that had substantial resources behind it, such as a soup kitchen in Chicago (run by Al Capone).
 * Dust bowls had been created as a result of farmers not rotating the soil which caused nearly threee feet of soil without moisture which is light and can be easily carriede by the wind.
 * Consumerism had ended, or at least temporarily put down.
 * Immigrant groups have found racism and could only work in cities and towns of their own.

=Causes of the Bust= Bonus: The stock market crash was a visible sign and one factor of the Great Depression. =Bust to Depression=
 * The bust was caused by shares of traded stock. (weak)
 * A decline of stock value.
 * Wealth was not distriubted evenly; some individuals have a higher percentage of capital, most had a much lesser amount; those individuals make products, but Americans did not recieve extra money to buy those products.
 * The demand for products had declined (smaller than the supply); an overproduction of goods.
 * The credit structure was not good, loans were made, but were often not paid back; banks were lending a large percentage of their assets, this in turn had caused a risky deal, when the emergency (the bust) came, they lost money; a bank-run.
 * European nations owed America money (from WWI); those debts were paying with more debts; an unstable international debt structure.
 * A drop in consumerism (effect of 3rd bullet).
 * Reliance on few industries (lack of diversification); only few industries were in power, the rest were weak; if just one of those industries stop, the economy goes down.
 * Declining exports.
 * Everyone simply believed that only positive things would happen; the idea of "what comes up, must go down"-Iaasic Newton was blantanly forgotten (most).
 * Unemployment rates rose to a high number, 25 percent of the entire population.
 * The Dust Bowl had caused a depression, because of the violent dust storms that were made.
 * Panic had arised, money had been used to make more products, so there was a waste of money.
 * Racism had risen as people were fighting to get the jobs they needed.
 * Banks had collapse, industries had shrunk.

=Herbert Hoover=
 * A businessman believed that the only problem about capitalism are the capitalists; their greed.
 * Hoover was a millionaire and owned a mining company.
 * He was an orphan.
 * He believed in voluntarism.
 * He acted like a CEO.
 * Hoover's name had become a punchline for poverty; people blamed Hoover for the Depression.
 * People turned to Roosevelt for the solution to this Depression.
 * The historian made a point that when bad things happen, people look for the opposite solution.
 * Bonus Army: For: People needed money now, it was a bad time. Against: The government did not owe them until 1945; they wanted to use money for productive reasons. He only wanted to spend money to get money back.
 * The Hawley-Smoot Tariff had caused a tariff on farm imports and other nations had then made tariffs on American goods.

=CHP 26 Preview=
 * Roosevelt's administration had restored confidence in Americans.
 * Many programs had been started to fix industries such as the NRA.
 * Dams were created by the TVA to create cheap electric power.
 * The Glass-Stegall Act had gave the goverment authority to stop irresponsible speculation by banks; helped control their foolish loans.
 * The FERA had provided cash grants to start bankrupt relief agencies in states.
 * Conservatives argued that they went too far, Communists argued they didn't go far enough.

=FDR=
 * He was extremely popular, four terms as president was proof.
 * His administration had not really fixed the Depression, it got some reliefs for people.
 * He tried to keep Americans away from WWII.
 * People thought that lez affaire system was gone and would not come back.
 * Capitalism is saved from the opposite of capitalism, socialism.
 * During the Depression, he acted as if nothing has happened (he was still happy and bright).
 * He spread confidence and made the people feel good.
 * During his administration, he took power and used a lot of it to make his programs work.
 * He was faced with the imminent collapse of banking systems.
 * He worked with people to try and find solutions.
 * He and Hoover was pure opposites.
 * He used the new Democratic majority to change American society (ex:allowed alcoholic beverages to be drinked again).
 * 100 Days (FDR's first 100 days as president).
 * Getting American jobs and saving the agricultural economy.
 * The AAA had payed farmers to grow less so they can keep their prices up.
 * Farmers were getting cheated out of their subsidies (for removing their farms); big farmers benefited from this; small farmers had not, it became worser.
 * The New Deal did not deal with racial problems within America.
 * CCC - hired youths, payed one dollar to them a day.
 * NRA/NIRA - made federal control on business. It was a planned economy (socialism, communism).
 * Worker minimum requirements were made.
 * FDR was trying to put America back together, he did not want to describe him as a socialist or communist. (Add Francis Perkins to vocab if not there).

=CHP 27 Preview=
 * Hitler was violating the Treaty of Versailles. Other nations were too busy with domestic problems to intervene.
 * The US is going to intervene in WWII.
 * France was going to fall into the Axis.
 * Public opinion about war had changed from neutral into intervening.
 * Germany invades Russia.
 * Japan had decided to go to war, first with the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
 * Germany and Italy will declare war on the US as a result of Japan being in the Axis and attacking Pearl Harbor.

=CW Discussion 3/14/11= Discussed:
 * D-Day
 * Hitler's suicide upon defeat
 * Effective bombing had liberated France.
 * Battle of the Bulge showed that German could not have a chance of wining.
 * Nuclear weapons develop from science.
 * The Battle of Leyte Gulf released Japanese control of the Phillipines; the Philipines got their freedom after their liberation.
 * WWII ended imperialism.

=WWII Pictures=